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Aromatase Expression by Reactive Astroglia Is Neuroprotective
aDepartamento de Biologïa Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain bInstituto Cajal, C.S.I.C., E-28002 Madrid, Spain
Address for correspondence: Dr. I. Azcoitia, Departamento de Biologïa Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Voice: 34-913944861; fax: 34-913944981. azcoitia{at}bio.ucm.es Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1007: 298-305 (2003).
The enzyme aromatase catalyzes the conversion of testosterone and other C19 steroids to estradiol. Under normal circumstances, the expression of aromatase in the central nervous system of mammals is restricted to neurons. However, the expression of the enzyme is induced in astrocytes in vitro by stressful stimuli. Furthermore, different types of brain injury induce in vivo the expression of aromatase in reactive astrocytes. The expression of aromatase by reactive astrocytes is neuroprotective, because the pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme in the brain exacerbates neuronal death after different forms of mild neurodegenerative stimuli that do not significantly affect neuronal survival under control conditions. These findings indicate that the induction of aromatase in reactive astrocytes, and the consecutive increase in the local production of estradiol in the brain at injured sites, may be an endogenous neural response to reduce the extent of neurodegenerative damage.
Key Words: steroidogenesis • aromatase • aromatase knockout mice • fadrozole • sex steroids • estradiol • androgens • glia • astroglia • astrocytes • neuroprotection • neurodegeneration • hippocampus • inferior olivary nucleus This article has been cited by other articles:
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