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Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism and Parkinson's Disease
C W. Olanow
Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Address for correspondence: C. W. Olanow, M.D., FRCPC, Professor and Chair, Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Annenberg 14-94, New York, NY 10029. Voice: 212-241-8435; fax: 212-987-7635. warren.olanow{at}mssm.edu
Ann N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1012: 209-223 (2004).
It has long been appreciated that manganese exposure can cause neurotoxicity and a neurologic syndrome that resembles Parkinson's disease (PD). Current evidence indicates that manganese-induced parkinsonism can be differentiated from PD because of its predilection to accumulate in and damage the pallidum and striatum rather than the SNc. The clinical syndrome, response to levodopa, imaging studies with MRI and PET, and pathologic features all help to distinguish these two conditions and permit the correct diagnosis to be established. This is of particular relevance in differentiating patients with parkinsonism due to manganese intoxication from patients with idiopathic PD who have incidental manganese exposure.
Key Words: Parkinson's disease (PD) • parkinsonism • manganese • features • clinical • imaging • pathologic • levodopa
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