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Psychological Aspects
a Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114, Iran b Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
Key Words: diabetes mellitus • psychological problems • intervention
Address for correspondence: Fatemeh Adili, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave., Tehran 14114, Iran. Voice: +98-912-2721993; fax: +98-21-88029399. e-mail: adilsfat{at}sina.tums.ac.ir
This study was undertaken to consider the psychological aspect of diabetes with regard to improving clinical outcomes. The review was limited to literature reports on the causes, solutions, and treatments of some common psychological problems known to complicate diabetes management. A literature search was undertaken using Pub-Med, CINAHL, Proquest, Elsevier, Blackwell Synergy, Ovid, Ebsco, Rose net, and Google websites, including studies published in English journals between 1995 and 2006. Therefore about 88 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In earlier studies, relatively little empirical research was found to substantiate the effect of psychological counseling in complicated diabetes. The greatest deficits were seen in areas of mental health, self-esteem parent impact, and family cohesion. There were some different factors, which influence the psychological aspect of diabetic patients, such as age, gender, place of living, familial and social support, motivation, energy, life satisfaction, and lifestyle. There are various types of solutions for coping with the psychological problems in diabetic clients. The most essential solution lies in educating the patients and healthcare providers on the subject. Before initiating each educational intervention, a thorough assessment would be crucial. Treatment plans may benefit from cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), behavior family therapy, improving family communication, problem-solving skills, and providing motivation for diabetic patients. Moreover, it seems that the close collaboration between diabetologists and psychologists would be fruitful.
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