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Empirical Findings
a Nova Southeastern University, Center for Psychological Studies, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
Key Words: Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) • posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) • hyperarousal
Address for correspondence: Prof. Lenore E.A. Walker, Ed.D., Nova Southeastern University, Center for Psychological Studies, 3301 College Avenue, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314. Voice: 954-322-0348; fax: 954-322-0397. e-mail: drlewalker{at}aol.com
The construct of Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) has been conceptualized as a subcategory of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is composed of the following symptoms: (a) re-experiencing the battering as if it were reoccurring even when it is not, (b) attempts to avoid the psychological impact of battering by avoiding activities, people, and emotions, (c) hyperarousal or hypervigilance, (d) disrupted interpersonal relationships, (e) body image distortion or other somatic concerns, and (f) sexuality and intimacy issues. This article presents empirical data derived from administering the Battered Woman Syndrome Questionnaire (BWSQ) to women of four countries—United States, Spain, Greece, and Russia. The data support a theory of BWS.
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