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Regulated Adhesion and Attraction to Bone Marrow Microenvironment
a Departments of Medicine and Gene and Cell Medicine, Immunology Institute, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Key Words: hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells • adhesion • homing • mobilization • sympathetic nervous system • stem cell niche
Address for correspondence: Paul Frenette, M.D., Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY, 10029. Voice: +1-212-659-9693; fax: +1-212-849-2574. paul.frenette{at}mssm.edu or simon.mendez-ferrer{at}mssm.edu
Hematopoiesis takes place preferentially within bone cavities, suggesting that bone-derived factors contribute to blood formation. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be mobilized from the bone marrow parenchyma to the circulation by various agonists whose common downstream action leads to alteration in the expression or function of the chemokine CXCL12 and adhesion molecules mediating migration. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the most prevalent drug used to mobilize HSPCs, dramatically suppresses osteoblast function. Recent studies suggest that G-CSF-mediated suppression requires signals from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This review summarizes emerging concepts thought to contribute to stem cell migration.
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