 | NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION: MOLECULAR ASPECTS, INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMS, AND CLINICAL ADVANCES
Copyright © 1998 by the New York Academy of Sciences
description
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 840:540-550 (1998)
© 1998 New York Academy of Sciences
Selectivity of Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Macrophages and Lymphocytes in Compartmental Immune Responsesa
EDWARD J. GOETZLb,
RAVI R. PANKHANIYAc,
GARY O. GAUFO,
YAJUN MU,
MENGHANG XIA AND
SUNIL P. SREEDHARAN
Departments of Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143 USA
aSupported by Grants AI 29912 and AI 34570 from the National Institutes of Health.
bAddress for correspondence: Edward J. Goetzl, M.D., Immunology/Allergy, UB8B, Box 0711, University of California, 533 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0711; Telephone: 415-476-5339; Fax: 415-476-6915.
cMedical Student Research Fellow of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
The major immunoregulatory effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are mediated by structurally distinct type I (VIPR1) and II (VIPR2) G protein-associated receptors on many different types of immune cells. VIP is released in functionally relevant concentrations during many immunologic and inflammatory responses. Mast cells (VIPR1), macrophages (VIPR1 and VIPR2), B cells, and T cells (VIPR1, VIPR2, or VIPR1 and VIPR2) recognize and respond to VIP in patterns that are controlled by the relative levels of expression of VIPR1 and VIPR2. VIPR2 transduces human T-cell chemotaxis, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 and consequently basement membrane and connective tissue transmigration, while signaling suppression of proliferation and cytokine production. In contrast, VIPR1 fails to transduce T-cell chemotaxis but mediates suppression of chemotaxis and MMP expression elicited by some cytokines and chemokines. The relative representation of each type of VIPR, which is presumed to be under cytokine control, thus may determine T-cell responses to VIP and other immune mediators in tissue compartments innervated by VIPergic nerves.
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