 | CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PANCREATIC CARCINOMA: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY
Copyright © 1999 by the New York Academy of Sciences
description
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 880:110-121 (1999)
© 1999 New York Academy of Sciences
Growth Factors and Cytokines in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
HELMUT FRIESSa,
XIAO-ZHONG GUO,
BI-CHENG NAN,
ÖRG KLEEFF AND
MARKUS W. BÜCHLER
Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland
aAddress for correspondence: Helmut Fries, M.D. Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland, Phone, +41 31-632-9722; fax, +41 31-632-9732; e-mail, helmut.friess{at}insel.ch.
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease challenging basic and clinical researchers alike in characterizing its pathobiology and finding better treatment options. A number of molecular alterations including gene mutations such as k- ras, p53, and Smad4 and aberrant expression of a variety of genes have been identified in recent years. This review focuses on two families of growth factors and growth factor receptors which are representative for the molecular alterations observed in pancreatic cancer: the transforming growth factor-ß superfamily of serine-threonine kinase receptors and their ligands, which usually act as negative growth regulators, and the epidermal growth factor receptor family and their ligands, which have the potential to act as growth promoters in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we will discuss the role of the cytokines TNF-  , IFN-  , and IL-6 and its effects on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Pancreatic cancer cell biology consists of complex interactions of various factors, and a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disorder might lead to better treatment strategies in the near future.
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