 | THE PARAHIPPOCAMPAL REGION: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES
Copyright © 2000 by the New York Academy of Sciences
description
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 911:127-150 (2000)
© 2000 New York Academy of Sciences
Oscillatory Activity in Entorhinal Neurons and Circuits: Mechanisms and Function
CLAYTON T. DICKSONa,
JACOPO MAGISTRETTIa,b,
MARK SHALINSKYa,
BASSAM HAMAMa AND
ANGEL ALONSOa,c
aDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 2B4
bDipartimento di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "C. Besta," Milan, Italy 20133
cAddress for correspondence: Dr. Angel Alonso, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4. Tel.: (514) 398-6901; fax: (514) 398-8106.
e-mail: mdao{at}musica.mcgill.ca
Layers II and V of the entorhinal cortex (EC) occupy a privileged anatomical position in the temporal lobe memory system that allows them to gate the main flow of information in and out of the hippocampus, respectively. In vivo studies have shown that layer II of the EC is a robust generator of theta as well as gamma activity. Theta may also be present in layer V, but the layer V network is particularly prone to genesis of short-lasting high-frequency oscillations ("ripples"). Interestingly, in vitro studies have shown that EC layers II and V, but not layer III, have the potential to act as independent pacemakers of population oscillatory activity. Moreover, it has also been shown that sub-groups of principal neurons both within layers II and V, but not layer III, are endowed with autorhythmic properties. These are characterized by subthreshold oscillations where the depolarizing phase is driven by the activation of "persistent" Na + channels. We propose that the oscillatory properties of layer II and V neurons and local circuits are responsible for setting up the proper temporal dynamics for the coordination of the multiple sensory inputs that converge onto EC and thus help to generate sensory representations and memory encoding.
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