 | THE PARAHIPPOCAMPAL REGION: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES
Copyright © 2000 by the New York Academy of Sciences
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 911:275-292 (2000)
© 2000 New York Academy of Sciences
Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology of the Parahippocampal Region in Schizophrenia
STEVEN E. ARNOLDa
Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
aAddress for correspondence: Steven E. Arnold, M.D., Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, 142 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Tel.: (215) 573-3258; fax: (215) 573-2041.
e-mail: alveus{at}mail.med.upenn.edu
The entorhinal cortex, subiculum, and hippocampus have been regions of great interest in both clinical and neuropathological investigations of schizophrenia. Postmortem studies have identified numerous abnormalities, although many remain controversial or unconfirmed. Among the cellular and molecular neuropathological findings are (1) abnormal cytoarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex characterized by poorly formed layer II neuron clusters and laminar disorganization; (2) normal neuron density but smaller neuron size in the superficial lamina of the entorhinal cortex and subiculum; (3) abnormal expression of the microtubule-associated protein MAP2 in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum; (4) aberrant glutamatergic and catecholaminergic innervation of the entorhinal cortex; (5) abnormal mRNA expression of various transcription factors, ion channels, and neurosecretory pathway-related proteins in entorhinal stellate neurons; and (6) an absence of any neurodegeneration. Altogether, these findings suggest that aberrant neurodevelopmental processes play a key role in the pathobiology of schizophrenia and provide a neuroanatomic basis for understanding many of the clinical and neuropsychological abnormalities in the disorder.
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