 | THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF COCAINE ADDICTION
Copyright © 2001 by the New York Academy of Sciences
description
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 937:27-49 (2001)
© 2001 New York Academy of Sciences
Drug Addictions
Molecular and Cellular Endpoints
MARY JEANNE KREEK
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases and The Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, New York 10021, USA
Address for correspondence: Mary Jeanne Kreek, M.D., The Rockefeller University Hospital. 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Voice: 212-327-8247; fax: 212-327-8574.
kreek{at}rockvax.rockefeller.edu
Addiction to alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs of abuse continues to be one of the most significant medical, social, and economic problems facing our society. Since the mid-1960s, addictions have been recognized as diseases. We have hypothesized that three domains of factors contribute to the development and persistence of addictions: inherited or genetic differences in individual physiology, alterations in physiology induced by drugs or alcohol, and environmental or developmental factors. Neurochemical alterations in the brain caused by addictive drugs have a cellular and molecular basis and, in the setting of repeated self-exposure, which can lead to addiction, these changes may be persistent or even permanent. Such altered molecular, cellular, and neurophysiological "set points" in the brain, in turn, contribute to alterations in behavior with implications for the specific addictive diseases.
Key Words: Addiction • Alcohol • Cocaine • Drug addiction • Neurobiology • Opioid receptors
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