 | THE VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Copyright © 2001 by the New York Academy of Sciences
description
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 942:241-258 (2001)
© 2001 New York Academy of Sciences
Plenary Lecture: Orientation of the Eyes to Gravitoinertial Acceleration
BERNARD COHENa,
JUN MARUTAa AND
THEODORE RAPHANb
aDepartment of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
bDepartment of Computer and Information Science, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
Address for correspondence: Bernard Cohen, M.D., Department of Neurology, Box 1135, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 East 100th Street, New York, NY 10029-6574. Voice: (212) 241-7068; fax: (212) 831-1610.
bernard.cohen{at}mssm.edu
Orientation of the eyes to gravitoinertial acceleration, i.e., to the sum of gravity and the linear accelerations acting on the head and body, is a basic property of the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex to support vision. Present in a wide range of species from the lateral-eyed rabbit to frontal-eyed monkeys and humans, the eyes deviate in pitch, roll and yaw in response to pitch, roll and yaw head movements. The eyes also converge in response to naso-occipital linear acceleration. This paper provides examples of ocular orientation generated by static tilt and off-vertical axis rotation in three dimensions and demonstrates specifically how vergence would support vision in the rabbit.
Key Words: Nystagmus • Vestibular • Otolith • Velocity storage • Orienting eye movement
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