THE VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Copyright © 2001 by the New York Academy of Sciences
description
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 942:381-393 (2001)
© 2001 New York Academy of Sciences
Dynamic and Kinematic Strategies for Head Movement Control
BARRY W. PETERSONa,
HYEONKI CHOIb,
TIMOTHY HAINa,
EMILY KESHNERa,c AND
GRACE C.Y. PENGd,e
aNorthwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
bSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
cThe Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
dThe Catholic University of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
eThe Johns Hopkins University, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
Address for correspondence: Barry W. Peterson, Ph.D., Northwesthern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Voice: (312)-337-6905; fax: (312) 503-5101.
b-peterson2{at}northwestern.edu
This paper describes our analysis of the complex head-neck system using a combination of experimental and modeling approaches. Dynamical analysis of head movements and EMG activation elicited by perturbation of trunk position has examined functional contributions of biomechanically and neurally generated forces in lumped systems with greatly simplified kinematics. This has revealed that visual and voluntary control of neck muscles and the dynamic and static vestibulocollic and cervicocollic reflexes preferentially govern head-neck system state in different frequency domains. It also documents redundant control, which allows the system to compensate for lesions and creates a potential for substantial variability within and between subjects. Kinematic studies have indicated the existence of reciprocal and co-contraction strategies for voluntary force generation, of a vestibulocollic strategy for stabilizing the head during body perturbations and of at least two strategies for voluntary head tracking. Each strategy appears to be executed by a specific muscle synergy that is presumably optimized to efficiently meet the demands of the task.
Key Words: Head movement • Biomechanics • Vestibular reflexes • Visually guided tracking
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