 | HUMAN FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION: THE OOCYTE, THE EMBRYO, AND THE UTERUS
Copyright © 2001 by the New York Academy of Sciences
description
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 943:1-16 (2001)
© 2001 New York Academy of Sciences
Embryo Effects in Human Implantation
Embryonic Regulation of Endometrial Molecules in Human Implantation
CARLOS SIMÓNa,
FRANCISCO DOMINGUEZa,b,
JOSÉ REMOHÍa AND
ANTONIO PELLICERa
aFundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad para el Estudio de la Reproducción Humana (FIVIER), 46020 Valencia, Spain
bDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Address for correspondence: Carlos Simón, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Guardia Civil 23, 46020, Valencia, Spain. Voice: 34-963624399; fax: 34-3694735.
csimon{at}interbook.net
Embryonic implantation requires coordinated development of the blastocyst and the maternal endometrium. Considerable advances have been made in the understanding of the cell biology of human embryo and maternal endometrium as separate entities. Nevertheless, communication between them and their reciprocal effects on each other constitute an exciting and as-yet unsolved problem in reproductive medicine. Cross-talk among the embryo, endometrium, and the corpus luteum are known to occur in ruminants and primates; more specifically, endometrial-embryonic interactions have been reported in rodents and primates. Here, we present updated information in humans on the embryonic regulation of endometrial epithelial molecules such as chemokines, adhesion molecules, antiadhesion molecules, and leptin during the apposition and adhesion phases of human implantation. Also the embryonic induction of apoptosis in endometrial epithelial cells as a mechanism for crossing the epithelial barrier will be described.
Key Words: embryonic implantation • endometrial epithelial cell chemokines • antiadhesion molecules • adhesion molecules • leptin • endometrial epithelial cell apoptosis
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