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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Annals PrePrint, published online ahead of print September 28, 2007 doi: 10.1196/annals.1393.018 Copyright © 2007 by the New York Academy of Sciences description
1 Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 997 Chestnut St., Newton, Massachusetts, 02464, United States; , 997 Chestnut St., Newton, Massachusetts, 02464, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: danbrown1{at}rcn.com. PrePrint Abstract
Western psychological research on positive psychology and Buddhism have recently converged in their emphasis on the development of positive states, like states of excellence and veryday happiness. Yet, these traditions differ in their approaches to positive states, with respect to a state-trait and doing-being distinction. Western scientific research on peak performance emphasizes discontinuous, time-limited peak performance states wherein individuals do things extraordinarily well in sports and in the arts. The Eastern spiritual traditions emphasize continuous excellence of being, in the form of traits or character strengths. In both traditions mental imagery is a key ingredient to excellence training. With respect to everyday happiness, Western psychological research has focused on the role of meaning systems in the transformation of flow states into vital engagement in everyday life, while Buddhism stresses the role of meditation training to gain mastery over all levels of mind that leads to everyday happiness. Rorschach and tachistoscopic research on advanced meditators suggests that advance meditators have gained unusual mastery over states of mind not yet documented in the Western psychological research on positive psychology. Key Words:
peak performance, optimal states, happiness, flow, vital engagement, meditation, positive psychology
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